President's Column

by Barry Moien, Customer Touch Color Lab

This is my first column as President of CAPLA and I want to wish all of you a very happy New Year. I want to thank Barry Asman for all the work that he did last year as President. He will be a hard act to follow. Last month Jon Meyer, PLF, put on a great presentation describing color management in digital imaging. Jon left informative brochures with all of the members present. Cory Cookmeyer from Kodak also distributed Year-at-a-Glance calendars. See, it pays to come to the meetings!

My first month will be an easy one -- we are having our holiday brunch in January. It should be a great success. In fact, my first act as President was to check out the brunch with Ed and Meredith Finn to make sure is was up to our standards. The food and the atmosphere were both outstanding. I look forward to seeing all of you there at the Ritz Carlton Hotel in Tyson's Galleria on Sunday, January 24, 1999 at 11 a.m. Note - this is a date change.

This year marks the 10th anniversary of CAPLA. George Asman, Dick Dodge and I met at the APCL meeting in Hawaii in January 1989 and decided to try to establish a local organization. Our goal was to have labs participate in the sharing of information about problems with equipment, processing errors, manufacturers, and to a certain extent, with mutual customers.

CAPLA's first official meeting was in April 1989 at the Cafe Burgundy. Luckily Mary was there and took notes for posterity. We had a stellar group at that first meeting:

Some of the first issues of interest were liability, OSHA standards, and having suppliers present information to the group. You can see that some of these topics are still of interest a decade later. After a second meeting in May, it was decided to form an actual group.

In the coming year, I would like to see us have more of the original participants come to our meeting and share with us the vision that we developed in 1989. I will be contacting these people as well as other labs to try to increase meaningful participation.

The newsletter, under the aegis of Ed Finn, is our main source of information, other than the monthly meetings. I want to have our member vendors include something of interest about their companies in our newsletters to give them maximum exposure to CAPLA. We are fortunate to have wonderful suppliers in our group. Member labs should also consider sharing problems or success in the newsletter and at the monthly meetings. We can all really benefit from these kinds of exchanges.

See you at the Brunch! Come hungry!

Barry Moien

A Brief History of Photographic Time

CAPLA's tenth anniversary marks a good time to reflect on our industry. The following time line of photographic history was provided by George Eastman House, Rochester, NY and is reprinted with permission.

5th cent. BC Greek philosophers describe the optical principles of the camera obscura

5th - 4th cent. BC Chinese and Greek philosophers describe basic principles of optics

10th cent. AD Arabian scholar Hassan ibn Hassan describes the camera obscura

1553 Giovanni Battista Porta publishes details of construction and use of the camera obscura

1664 - 66 Isaac Newton discovers that white light is composed of different colors

1725-27 Johann Heinrich Schulze discovers and experiments with the darkening action of light on mixtures of chalk and siver nitrate

1760 Tiphaigne de la Roche predicts photography in: Giphantie

1786 Gilles-Louis Chrétien develops the Physionotrace for profile portraits

1794 Robert Barker opens the first Panorama, prototype of future movie houses

1802  Thomas Wedgewood following experiments of Schulze and Scheele produces silhouettes by use of siver nitrate but is unable to fix the images

1806 William Hyde Wollaston invents the camera lucida

1816  Single-wire telegraph introduced

1814-1826  Joseph Nicéphore Niépce achieves his first photographic image with a camera obscura

1819  John Herschel discovers the photographic fixative, hyposulfite of soda

1825  Peter Mark Roget demonstrates the persistence of vision with his Thaumatrope"

1826  Joseph Nicéphore Niépce uses bitumen of judea for photographs on metal

1829  Niépce and Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre form a 10 year partnership to develop photography

1832 Wheatstone invents a non-photographic "stereoscopic viewing device"

1832 - 33 Image animation novelties "Phenakistoscope" and "Zoetrope" invented

1833 William Henry Fox Talbot begins experiments with photogenic drawings

1837 Daguerre's first daguerreotype

1839 The Daguerreotype is publicly announced at the Academy of Sciences in Paris and given to the world Hippolyte Bayard produces direct-positive images on sensitized paper

1840 Alexander Wolcott issued first American patent in photography for his camera

1841 Talbot patents the Calotype process

1843 D. O. Hill and Robert Adamson open portrait studio in Edinburgh

1844 Talbot publishes "Pencil of Nature"

1847 Luis Désiré Blanquard-Evard improves Talbot's Calotype process and sets up a photographic printing establishment

1848 Claude Felix Abel Niépce de Saint-Victor uses albumen on glass plates for negatives

1849 Maxime Du Camp travels to Egypt to photograph monuments

1850 Albumen printing paper introduced by L. D. Blanquart-Evrard

1851 Frederick Scott Archer publishes wet-collodion process Talbot makes first instantaneous photographs using electric spark illumination

1852 Talbot patents a prototype of photo-engraphing

1854 Ambrotype, a positive collodion image, patented in US
A.-A.-E. Disdéri patents carte-de visite portraiture

1855 Ferrotype process (tintypes) introduced to US

1856 Photojournalism of Crimean War by Roger Fenton, James Robertson, and Carol Popp de Scathmari

1859 Sutton panoramic camera patented

1860 Nadar (Gaspard F. Tournachon) photographs Paris from a balloon

1861 James Clerk Maxwell's "On the Theory of the Three Primary Colours"
Oliver Wendell Holmes invents popular stereoscope viewer

1864 Joseph Wilson Swan perfects the carbo process

1866 Woodburytype process is patented

1869 Louis Ducos du Hauron's "Colors in Photography" describes the principles of color photography

1871 Richard Leach Maddox invents the gelatin dry plate silver bromide process
Pigeons used to carry microphotographed messages across enemy lines

1872 John W. Hyatt begins manufacturing celluloid

1873 Hermann Wilhelm Vogel increases the spectral sensitivity of photographic emulsions by adding dyes

1874 Léon Vidal combines chromolithography with Woodburytype printing

1878 Eadweard Muybridge publishes "The Horse in motion"

1879 Karl Klic improves photoengraving process
Dennis Redmond develops "electric telescope" to produce moving images

1880 Eastman Dry Plate Company founded
First book about television, "The Electric Telescope", is published
Stephen Horgan's "A Scene in Shantytown" is printed in `halftone' in the New York Daily Graphic

1884 (?) Etienne Jules Marey develops chronophotography

1886 - 69 Heinrich R. Hertz produces radio waves

1888 Eastman markets the Kodak camera and roll film

1889 Development of motion-picture roll film

1890 Charles Driffield and Ferdinand Hurter publish their work on emulsion sensitivity and exposure measurement
Karl Ferdinand Braun invents the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

1892 Frederick Ives' first complete system for natural color photography

1893 Thomas Alva Edison patents the kinetoscope

1895 Auguste and Louis Lumière's "Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory"
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovers x-rays
The Lumières and Edison demonstrate motion picture cameras and projectors

1896 Josef Maria Eder and Eduard Valenta publish stereoscopic Röntgen photographs

1900 Max Planck introduces the Quantum Theory in Physics
First mass-marketed camera, The Brownie

1902 Otto von Bronk applies for German patent on color television

1906 Panchromatic plates marketed by Wratten and Wainright in England

1907 Lumière Brother's autochrome color process marketed
Alfred Korn announces Fac-Simile telegraphy

1908 Gabriel Lippmann wins a Nobel Prize for his method of reproducing color by photography

1913 Eastman Kodak Company establishes first industrial photographic research laboratory

1914 First 35mm still cameras developed

1920 - 21 Ernst Belin works on and introduces wireless transmission of photographs

1923 Vladimir Zworykin patents television picture tube
First radio network established by AT&T

1924 - 25 Ernst Leitz designs and markets the 35mm Leica cameras

1927 General Electric invents the modern flashbulb
Bell Laboratories perform the first mechanical television transmission in US

1930 Gaspar bleached-color process announced

1932 First light meter with photoelectric cell introduced
Philo T. Farnesworth demonstrates electronic television
Electron microscope developed in Germany
Rouben Mamoulian's film "Becky Sharp" is first 3-strip Technicolor feature

1935 Eastman Kodak markets Kodachrome film

1938 Chester Carlson invents Xerography

1940 Ansco, Agfa, and Sakura Natural color film introduced

1941 Eastman Kodak introduces Kodacolor negative film
First commercial television license issued in US

1945 Arthur C. Clark proposes a geosynchronous satellite

1946 Eastman Kodak introduces Ektachrome F, processable by photographer

1947 Bell Laboratories invents the transistor
Dennis Gabor describes principles of holography

1948 Edwin Land markets the Polaroid camera
First 35mm Nikon camera introduced
First US cable television systems appear

1954 Eastman Kodak introduces high speed Tri-X film
Ampex markets first commercial video tape recorder

1955 Kukla, Fran and Ollie begins color television broadcast

1956 First program broadcast from tape - "Douglas Edwards and The News"

1957 Sputnik, first satellite, launched

1960 EG&G develops extreme depth underwater camera for US Navy
First ruby laser built by Theodore Maiman
First successful hologram produced

1961 Eastman Kodak introduces faster Kodachrome II color film
First manned space flight

1963 Polaroid introduces instant color film

1968 Photograph of the Earth from the Moon

1969 First manned landing on the Moon

1971 Voyager I & II space probes launched

1973 Polaroid introduces one-step instant photography with the SX-70 camera

1975 Sony introduces Betamax VCR

1977 Apple home computer introduced

1978 Konica introduces first point-and-shoot, autofocus camera

1980 Sony demonstrates first consumer camcorder

1980 - 85 Scitex, Hell, and Crosfield introduce computer imaging systems

1981 MTV begins broadcast

1984 Sony markets first high-definition television system (HDTV)
Canon demonstrates first electronic still camera
Japanese newspapers cover the opening of the Olympics in Los
Angeles with Canon RC-701 Still Video Cameras and analog transmitter

1985 Pixar introduces digital imaging processor

1986 World conference establishes standards for sound, video, and digital recordings
Eastman Kodak announces the 1.4 megapixel CCD for digital cameras

1987 Canon produces RC-760 Still Video Camera with a 600,000 pixel CCD
USA Today begins to cover special events with the Canon RC-760 camera

1988 Sony and Fuji announce new digital cameras
Eastman Kodak announces a 4 megapixel CCD
PhotoMac is the first image manipulation program available for the Macintosh computer

1989 Sony announces MCV-5000 twin ship camera with two separate CCD elements for luminance and chrominance
Letraset releases Color Studio 1.0 (TM), the first professional image manipulation program for Macintosh computers

1990 Adobe Photoshop 1.0 (TM) is the second professional image manipulation program available for Macintosh computers
Eastman Kodak prototypes an electronic camera back designed for the needs of photojournalists
Dycam releases an electronic camera for business imaging applications
Eastman Kodak announces Photo CD as a digital image storage media

1991 Sony releases the SEPS-1000 Digital Studio Camera for modest quality advertising
Rollei and Arca Swiss announce their digital studio cameras

1992 Kodak Digital Camera releases the DCS 200 digital camera
Leaf Systems announces the Leaf camera back for studio cameras, such as Hasselblad or Sinar

1993 Adobe Photoshop is available for MS-DOS/Windows platforms
Nikon, Canon, Leaf Systems, and others announce new digital cameras for photojournalists and studio photographers respectively
LivePicture image manipulation software is announced by HSC, Inc.

1994 Associated Press announces the AP/Kodak NC2000 digital camera for photojournalists
Apple Computer, Sony, and Kodak announce new digital cameras
Apple Computer introduces RISC technology to the desktop computer market with the new PowerPC line

Sources
The following books were used as resources for this timeline:
Bomback, E. S., Manual of Colour Photography, Fountain Press, London, 1972
Feldvebel, Thomas,Ambrotype: Old & New, Graphic Arts Research Center, Rochester, NY, 1980
Reilly, James M., Albumin & Salted Paper Book, Light Impressions Corporation, Rochester, NY, 1980
Rosenblum, Naomi, A World History of Photography, Abbeville Publishing Group, NY, 1984
Stroebel, Leslie, Zakia, Richard, Encyclopedia of Photography, Focal Press
Wheeler, Owen, Colour Photography, Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., London, no date